ON COMPUTABLE NUMBERS, WITH AN APPLICATION TO THE ENTSCHEIDUNGSPROBLEM

by A. M. TURING

May 28, 1936

Source

The "computable" numbers may be described briefly as the real

numbers whose expressions as a decimal are calculable by finite means.

Although the subject of this paper is ostensibly the computable numbers.

it is almost equally easy to define and investigate computable functions

of an integral variable or a real or computable variable, computable

predicates, and so forth. The fundamental problems involved are,

however, the same in each case, and I have chosen the computable numbers

for explicit treatment as involving the least cumbrous technique. I hope

shortly to give an account of the relations of the computable numbers,

functions, and so forth to one another. This will include a development

of the theory of functions of a real variable expressed in terms of computable numbers. According to my definition, a number is computable

if its decimal can be written down by a machine.